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Highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystal with a low in-plane index contrast

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Abstract

We report on the realization and characterization of highly efficient waveguide bends in photonic crystals made of materials with a low in-plane index contrast. By applying an appropriate bend design photonic crystal bends with a transmission of app. 75 % per bend were fabricated.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. 3D band structure of the PC slab system (left) and a 2D effective index band structure calculation for the W3-PCWG (right). The diameter of the holes is 374 nm at a lattice pitch of 595 nm.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Transmission of a W3-PCWG double bend (3D-FDTD calculations, TE polarized excitation) for three different bend designs (unaltered bend, three holes shifted and three extra holes inserted at the bend).
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (left: 1.45MB, right: 1.74MB) 3D-FDTD simulation of a 60° double bend excited at 1509 nm, where a high transmission of ~ 80% per bend are observed (cross section at the center of waveguiding layer, left original computing window, right blow-up of lower bend). Alternatively animations of higher quality can be obtained, (2.58 MB) and (3.38 MB).
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. SEM images of the fabricated W3-PCWG consisting of holes with a diameter of 370 nm and a depth of 1100 nm (aspect ratio of 1:3) in a hexagonal lattice of period 595 nm. The wall angle in the holes amounts to 85°.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. SEM-images of the W3-PCWG double bend with the optimized (top left, right) and with the unaltered bend (bottom left). The PC consists of holes with a diameter of 360nm and a depth of 1.1 µm at a lattice pitch of 595 nm.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Measured bend efficiencies for the optimized bend in comparison with 3D-FDTD simulations.
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