Abstract
An important channel for upconversion relies on absorption of pump photons from excited states populated by pair upconversion. In previous1 pulsed-Er upconversion lasers, this cubic contribution was small, because short excitation pulses were used, restricting ions from undergoing the slow first step of upconversion by this channel during the pulse-limiting upconversion to entirely multi-atom processes. However, cw excitation can maintain populations in upconverted states by pair processes, and direct absorption from such states may be important.
© 1991 Optical Society of America
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