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Hollow core fibers and their applications in optical communications

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Abstract

During the last two decades, varieties of optical fibers have been developed for optical communications and sensors. Conventional single mode fibers are massively deployed in optical networks, and fibers to compete the chromatic dispersion have been added in the portfolio of transmission fibers. Furthermore specialty fibers for optical devices such as rare earth doped fibers, photosensitive fibers, attenuation fibers, as well as polarization maintaining fibers have been developed and put into commercialization. All of these fibers, however, do have a common structure, a solid core with a high refractive index and SiO2 cladding. Recently, there have been simultaneous attempts to radically modify the conventional fiber structure by introducing air holes in the waveguides. Holy fibers[1], Omniguide fibers[2], and hollow core fibers[3] have proposed unconventional guiding structures and subsequently demonstrated new applications. Hollow core fiber (HCF), composed of central air hole, GeO2-SiO2 ring core, and SiO2 cladding, has shown excellent compatibility with conventional fibers due to its ability to transform the mode adiabatically, which could provide versatile applications. For example, HCF has been used to guide atom providing optical funnel.[4] In optical communications, on the other hand, HCF has demonstrated new feasibility to improve differential modal delay in Gigabit Ethernet,[5] to compensate chromatic dispersion for a longer span,[6] and to acousto-optically control the polarization of guided modes.[7]

© 2003 Optical Society of America

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