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Experimental integrated-optic circuit losses and fiber pigtailing of chips

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Abstract

Fabrication of low-loss integrated optical circuits and the low-loss coupling of single-mode fibers to LiNbO3:Ti-diffused channel waveguides are required technologies before the many applications proposed for integrated optics can become practical. In this paper we report coupling losses of <1 dB between single-mode fibers and LiNbO3:Ti-diffused waveguides, which is in agreement with theoretical estimates. We have measured losses associated with waveguide bends and waveguide offsets and correlated these measurements with a simple theoretical model for predicting losses. In addition, we have constructed a four-part directional coupler switch with fixed single-mode fiber pigtails for coupling in and out of the chip.

© 1981 Optical Society of America

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