Abstract
The success achieved by adaptation of materials and processes developed for semiconductors to the manufacture of optical waveguides has induced us not only to use the chemicals but also to view glass as a form of semimetal. For example, we speak of doping silica with GeO2 to control refractive index and thereby manipulate optical properties. Successful incorporation of more diverse ions requires the realization that glass, unlike semimetals, contains two types of site: lattice former and modifier. Generally, a specific ion will enter one but not both sides. Therefore, to incorporate different ions into the silica matrix, it is necessary to pair the substituents so as to create associated or complexed ion assemblages which will form a stable structural configuration.
© 1985 Optical Society of America
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