Abstract

Introduction OSNR Definition and problems with multibaud rate signals OSNR vs SNR Definition OSNR Scaling for Different Baud Rates How do we determine the SNR of a system Link SNR and GOSNR Adding the noise contributions BER and Q GOSNR Measurement – One Technique Back to Back Noise Loading GOSNR Measurement – One Technique Power Hunt RSNR Spectral Efficiency The Relationship between RSNR and Spectral Efficiency Shannon Capacity and the Relationship between SNR and SE The Problem with Q What we want is SNR reported at the receiver MER and EVM Probability Primer Mutual Information Discrete Variables Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy An Example: Binary Symmetric Channel Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy An Example: Binary Symmetric Channel Mutual Information Continuous and Hybrid Variables. GMI: A Graphical Representation GMI and NGMI Conclusion

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