X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module

Benjamin D. Donovan; Randall L. McEntaffer; James H. Tutt; Casey T. DeRoo; Ryan Allured; Jessica A. Gaskin; Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak

doi:10.1364/AO.57.000454

X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module

Benjamin D. Donovan, Randall L. McEntaffer, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Ryan Allured, Jessica A. Gaskin, and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 3,
pp. 454-464
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000454

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Benjamin D. Donovan, Randall L. McEntaffer, James H. Tutt, Casey T. DeRoo, Ryan Allured, Jessica A. Gaskin, and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, "X-ray verification of an optically aligned off-plane grating module," Appl. Opt. 57, 454-464 (2018)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Diffraction and Gratings
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- X-rays, soft x-rays, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) (040.7480)
- Diffraction gratings (050.1950)
- Space instrumentation (120.6085)
- Astronomical optics (350.1260)
- Spectroscopy, x-ray (300.6560)
- X-ray optics (340.0340)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 18, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: December 11, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: December 12, 2017
- Published: January 17, 2018

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Abstract

Off-plane x-ray reflection gratings are theoretically capable of achieving high resolution and high diffraction efficiencies over the soft x-ray bandpass, making them an ideal technology to implement on upcoming x-ray spectroscopy missions. To achieve high effective area, these gratings must be aligned into grating modules. X-ray testing was performed on an aligned grating module to assess the current optical alignment methods. Results indicate that the grating module achieved the desired alignment for an upcoming x-ray spectroscopy suborbital rocket payload with modest effective area and resolving power. These tests have also outlined a pathway towards achieving the stricter alignment tolerances of future x-ray spectrometer payloads, which require improvements in alignment metrology, grating fabrication, and testing techniques.

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Corrections

17 January 2018: A typographical correction was made to paragraph 1 in section 1.

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Grating	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch
#1	$12.5 \pm {10.7}^{''}$	$5.7 \pm {17.7}^{''}$
#2	$- 1.8 \pm {17.8}^{''}$	$8.3 \pm {24.4}^{''}$
#3	$5.2 \pm {21.4}^{''}$	$- 6.7 \pm {34.1}^{''}$
#4	$- 16.0 \pm {33.6}^{''}$	$- 7.2 \pm {17.9}^{''}$
Roll
#1	$- 50.0 \pm {96.8}^{''}$	$- 46.1 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#2	$- 7.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$- 19.6 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#3	$6.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$13.3 \pm {92.7}^{''}$
#4	$51.1 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$52.4 \pm {92.3}^{''}$
Yaw
#1	$- 150.3 \pm {59.2}^{''}$	$- 130.9 \pm {86.4}^{''}$
#2	$1.3 \pm {83.1}^{''}$	$37.2 \pm {168.5}^{''}$
#3	$131.2 \pm {32.9}^{''}$	$193.2 \pm {54.7}^{''}$
#4	$17.8 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$- 99.5 \pm {49.5}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch	$12.1 \pm {15.5}^{''}$	$8.1 \pm {14.2}^{''}$
Roll	$41.7 \pm {45.4}^{''}$	$42.5 \pm {43.6}^{''}$
Yaw	$115.6 \pm {28.9}^{''}$	$148.1 \pm {39.2}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Uncertainty
$X$	130 μm
$Y$	26 μm
$Z$	15 μm
Pitch	${5.4}^{''}$
Roll	${12.5}^{''}$
Yaw	${3.5}^{''}$

Degree of Freedom	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch	$11.5 \pm {15.6}^{''}$	$7.4 \pm {14.2}^{''}$
Roll	$41.7 \pm {45.4}^{''}$	$42.5 \pm {43.6}^{''}$
Yaw	$113.0 \pm {28.8}^{''}$	$144.8 \pm {38.9}^{''}$

Grating	Before Shake	After Shake
Pitch
#1	$12.5 \pm {10.7}^{''}$	$5.7 \pm {17.7}^{''}$
#2	$- 1.8 \pm {17.8}^{''}$	$8.3 \pm {24.4}^{''}$
#3	$5.2 \pm {21.4}^{''}$	$- 6.7 \pm {34.1}^{''}$
#4	$- 16.0 \pm {33.6}^{''}$	$- 7.2 \pm {17.9}^{''}$
Roll
#1	$- 50.0 \pm {96.8}^{''}$	$- 46.1 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#2	$- 7.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$- 19.6 \pm {93.0}^{''}$
#3	$6.8 \pm {96.5}^{''}$	$13.3 \pm {92.7}^{''}$
#4	$51.1 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$52.4 \pm {92.3}^{''}$
Yaw
#1	$- 150.3 \pm {59.2}^{''}$	$- 130.9 \pm {86.4}^{''}$
#2	$1.3 \pm {83.1}^{''}$	$37.2 \pm {168.5}^{''}$
#3	$131.2 \pm {32.9}^{''}$	$193.2 \pm {54.7}^{''}$
#4	$17.8 \pm {96.0}^{''}$	$- 99.5 \pm {49.5}^{''}$

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