Temporal memory effects in photorefractive two-beam coupling: a study comparing n-doped and p-doped BaTiO₃ at 514 nm and 830 nm

Abstract

The photorefractive gain and time response of $n$-doped and $p$-doped ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3$ were compared in the visible, $\mathrm{\lambda }$ $=\hspace{0.5em}514$ nm, and in the infrared, $\mathrm{\lambda }=830$ nm. Two-beam coupling experiments were conducted for beam ratios between 3600:1, 5000:1, and 8000:1. In both infrared and visible it was observed that the measured gains were higher for the $p-{\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3$ by an order of magnitude or more. When the gain was high, a temporal memory effect was observed, suggesting that the time dependence of the space-charge field is determined by the history of the modulation depth. This effect is shown to be consistent with the Kukhtarev equations for a single carrier. Low-gain behavior was observed at all interaction angles for both crystals in the IR. In the visible the high-gain temporal memory effect is reported for the $p-{\mathrm{BaTiO}}_3.$

© 1998 Optical Society of America

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