High-power, widely-tunable Cr<sup>2+</sup>:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier systems

P. A. Berry; K. L. Schepler

doi:10.1364/OE.18.015062

High-power, widely-tunable Cr²⁺:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier systems

P. A. Berry and K. L. Schepler

Optics Express
Vol. 18,
Issue 14,
pp. 15062-15072
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.015062

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P. A. Berry and K. L. Schepler, "High-power, widely-tunable Cr²⁺:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier systems," Opt. Express 18, 15062-15072 (2010)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Infrared and far-infrared lasers (140.3070)
- Lasers, solid-state (140.3580)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 30, 2010
- Revised Manuscript: June 14, 2010
- Manuscript Accepted: June 23, 2010
- Published: June 30, 2010

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate high-power Cr²⁺:ZnSe master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) pure continuous wave (CW) laser systems with output power of 14 W and amplifier gain greater than 2X. In addition, we develop a theoretical model for this type of amplification and show single-knob tunability at high powers over 400 nm.

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References

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Year
|
Author
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Publication

L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996).
[Crossref]
R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. DeLoach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped zinc chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997).
[Crossref]
I. T. Sorokina, E. Sorokin, S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, V. Badikov, V. Panyutin, and K. I. Schaffers, “Broadly tunable compact continuous-wave Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Lett. 27(12), 1040–1042 (2002).
[Crossref]
U. Hömmerich, X. Wu, V. R. Davis, S. B. Trivedi, K. Grasza, R. J. Chen, and S. Kutcher, “Demonstration of room-temperature laser action at 2.5 mum from Cr2+:Cd0.85Mn0.15Te,” Opt. Lett. 22(15), 1180–1182 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. McKay, K. L. Schepler, and G. C. Catella, “Efficient grating-tuned mid-infrared Cr2+:CdSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(22), 1575–1577 (1999).
[Crossref]
U. Demirbas and A. Sennaroglu, “Intracavity-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2293–2295 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004).
[Crossref]
I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, P. A. Berry, and K. L. Schepler, “12-Watt CW Polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe Laser Pumped by Tm-fiber Laser,” in Advanced Solid State Photonics(Optical Society of America, Denver, CO, 2008), p. WB30.
T. J. Carrig, G. J. Wagner, W. J. Alford, and A. Zakel, “Chromium-doped chalcogenide lasers,” in Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers, A. Sennaroglu, J. G. Fujimoto, and C. R. Pollock, eds. (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2004), pp. 74–82.
G. J. Wagner, B. G. Tiemann, W. J. Alford, and T. J. Carrig, “Single-Frequency Cr:ZnSe Laser,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics(Optical Society of America, 2004), p. WB12.
E. Sorokin, I. T. Sorokina, M. S. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “Ultrabroad Continuous-Wave Tuning of Ceramic Cr:ZnSe and Cr:ZnS Lasers,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics(Optical Society of America, 2010), p. AMC2.
I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. J. Harris, G. T. Johnston, G. A. Kepple, P. C. Krok, and H. Mukai, “Infrared thermooptic coefficient measurement of polycrystalline ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, CaF2, and BaF2, single crystal KCI, and TI-20 glass,” Appl. Opt. 16(2), 436–438 (1977).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]
P. A. Berry, and K. L. Schepler, “Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator / power amplifier for improved power scaling,” in Solid State Lasers XIX: Technology and Devices(SPIE, San Francisco, California, USA, 2010), pp. 75781L–75711.
A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]
H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

2009 (1)

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

U. Demirbas and A. Sennaroglu, “Intracavity-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2293–2295 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (1)

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. H. Page, K. I. Schaffers, L. D. DeLoach, G. D. Wilke, F. D. Patel, J. B. Tassano, S. A. Payne, W. F. Krupke, K. T. Chen, and A. Burger, “Cr2+-doped zinc chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 33(4), 609–619 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

L. D. DeLoach, R. H. Page, G. D. Wilke, S. A. Payne, and W. F. Krupke, “Transition metal-doped zinc chalcogenides: spectroscopy and laser demonstration of a new class of gain media,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 32(6), 885–895 (1996).
[Crossref]

1977 (1)

R. J. Harris, G. T. Johnston, G. A. Kepple, P. C. Krok, and H. Mukai, “Infrared thermooptic coefficient measurement of polycrystalline ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, CaF2, and BaF2, single crystal KCI, and TI-20 glass,” Appl. Opt. 16(2), 436–438 (1977).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1972 (1)

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Badikov, V.

Berry, P. A.

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

Burger, A.

Catella, G. C.

J. McKay, K. L. Schepler, and G. C. Catella, “Efficient grating-tuned mid-infrared Cr2+:CdSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(22), 1575–1577 (1999).
[Crossref]

Chen, K. T.

Chen, R. J.

Davis, V. R.

DeLoach, L. D.

Demirbas, U.

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

U. Demirbas and A. Sennaroglu, “Intracavity-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2293–2295 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dienes, A.

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Fedorov, V.

Fedorov, V. V.

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grasza, K.

Harris, R. J.

Hömmerich, U.

Ippen, E.

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Johnston, G. T.

Kepple, G. A.

Kogelnik, H.

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Krok, P. C.

Krupke, W. F.

Kurt, A.

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kutcher, S.

Lee, H.

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

McKay, J.

J. McKay, K. L. Schepler, and G. C. Catella, “Efficient grating-tuned mid-infrared Cr2+:CdSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(22), 1575–1577 (1999).
[Crossref]

McKay, J. B.

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

Mirov, S.

Mirov, S. B.

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moskalev, I. S.

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mukai, H.

Page, R. H.

Panyutin, V.

Patel, F. D.

Payne, S. A.

Peterson, R. D.

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

Schaffers, K. I.

Schepler, K. L.

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. McKay, K. L. Schepler, and G. C. Catella, “Efficient grating-tuned mid-infrared Cr2+:CdSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(22), 1575–1577 (1999).
[Crossref]

Schwettman, H. A.

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sennaroglu, A.

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

U. Demirbas and A. Sennaroglu, “Intracavity-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2293–2295 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shank, C.

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Simanovskii, D. M.

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Somer, M.

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

Sorokin, E.

Sorokina, I. T.

I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004).
[Crossref]

Tassano, J. B.

Trivedi, S. B.

Welch, A. J.

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wilke, G. D.

Wu, X.

Appl. Opt. (1)

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (3)

H. Kogelnik, E. Ippen, A. Dienes, and C. Shank, “Astigmatically compensated cavities for CW dye lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 8(3), 373–379 (1972).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

K. L. Schepler, R. D. Peterson, P. A. Berry, and J. B. McKay, “Thermal Effects in Cr2+:ZnSe Thin Disk Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11(3), 713–720 (2005).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, and S. B. Mirov, “10-watt, pure continuous-wave, polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnS laser,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2048–2056 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (4)

J. McKay, K. L. Schepler, and G. C. Catella, “Efficient grating-tuned mid-infrared Cr2+:CdSe laser,” Opt. Lett. 24(22), 1575–1577 (1999).
[Crossref]

U. Demirbas and A. Sennaroglu, “Intracavity-pumped Cr2+:ZnSe laser with ultrabroad tuning range between 1880 and 3100 nm,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2293–2295 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater. (2)

I. T. Sorokina, “Cr2+-doped II-VI materials for lasers and nonlinear optics,” Opt. Mater. 26(4), 395–412 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Sennaroglu, U. Demirbas, A. Kurt, and M. Somer, “Concentration dependence of fluorescence and lasing efficiency in Cr2+:ZnSe lasers,” Opt. Mater. 29(6), 703–708 (2007).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

D. M. Simanovskii, H. A. Schwettman, H. Lee, and A. J. Welch, “Midinfrared Optical Breakdown in Transparent Dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(10), 107601 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (5)

P. A. Berry, and K. L. Schepler, “Cr2+:ZnSe master oscillator / power amplifier for improved power scaling,” in Solid State Lasers XIX: Technology and Devices(SPIE, San Francisco, California, USA, 2010), pp. 75781L–75711.

I. S. Moskalev, V. V. Fedorov, S. B. Mirov, P. A. Berry, and K. L. Schepler, “12-Watt CW Polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe Laser Pumped by Tm-fiber Laser,” in Advanced Solid State Photonics(Optical Society of America, Denver, CO, 2008), p. WB30.

T. J. Carrig, G. J. Wagner, W. J. Alford, and A. Zakel, “Chromium-doped chalcogenide lasers,” in Solid State Lasers and Amplifiers, A. Sennaroglu, J. G. Fujimoto, and C. R. Pollock, eds. (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2004), pp. 74–82.

G. J. Wagner, B. G. Tiemann, W. J. Alford, and T. J. Carrig, “Single-Frequency Cr:ZnSe Laser,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics(Optical Society of America, 2004), p. WB12.

E. Sorokin, I. T. Sorokina, M. S. Mirov, V. V. Fedorov, I. S. Moskalev, and S. B. Mirov, “Ultrabroad Continuous-Wave Tuning of Ceramic Cr:ZnSe and Cr:ZnS Lasers,” in Advanced Solid-State Photonics(Optical Society of America, 2010), p. AMC2.

Supplementary Material (1)

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Fig. 1 Example model predictions showing (left) input signal growth and pump absorption (with signal present and without), over the crystal length for 5 W input signal and (top) 5 W pump and (bottom) 25 W pump, all at 80 µm spot size. Also shown (right) are amplification comparisons for 5 and 10 W input signal powers with varying spot size as a function of pump power.

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Fig. 2 Astigmatically-compensated Z-cavity design which can use either a single collimated-leg design (dashed) or a double-collimated leg design. OC = output coupler, LP = laser pump lens, FE = functional element.

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Fig. 3 A) Normal-incidence L-cavity scheme which can use either an HR curved mirror (M1) or a combination of planar HR (M2) and positive lens (L1). B) Power amplifier design where L_MO and L_PA are chosen for optimal overlap of pump and signal beams.

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Fig. 4 Power scaling ability of MOPA configurations. Experimental data (discrete points) is compared with model predictions for L_a - and Z-cavities, both with 80 µm and 100 μm spot sizes, respectively.

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Fig. 5 Output spectrum of free-running L_b -cavity as a function of output power showing a shift to higher wavelengths at increased power.

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Fig. 6 Tunable output power of Z-cavity over 400 nm which was limited by mirror reflectivities and grating efficiency.

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Fig. 7 Single-frame excerpt (left) from video showing near-field beam profile changes of L_b -cavity as a function of decreasing pump power. (Media 1) starts with maximum pump power and ends at zero pump power. Transitions between different modes cause instability in power output (right).

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Equations (11)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

\begin{matrix} \frac{\partial n^{*} (t, z, r)}{\partial t} = \frac{I_{p} (t, z, r)}{h ν_{p}} (σ_{p a} n_{g} (t, z, r) - σ_{p e} n^{*} (t, z, r)) \\ - \frac{I_{s} (t, z, r) σ_{s e}}{h ν_{s}} n^{*} (t, z, r) - \frac{n^{*} (t, z, r)}{τ} \end{matrix}

\frac{\partial I_{p} (z, r)}{\partial z} = I_{p} (z, r) [- σ_{p a} (n_{0} - n^{*} (z, r)) + σ_{p e} n^{*} (z, r) - γ_{p}]

\frac{\partial I_{s} (z, r)}{\partial z} = I_{s} (z, r) (σ_{s e} n^{*} (z, r) - γ_{s})

n^{*} (z, r) = \frac{\frac{I_{p} (z, r)}{h ν_{p}} σ_{p a} n_{0}}{\frac{I_{p} (z, r)}{h ν_{p}} (σ_{p a} + σ_{p e}) + \frac{I_{s} (z, r)}{h ν_{s}} σ_{s e} + \frac{1}{τ}}

\begin{matrix} \lim \\ I_{p} \to \infty \end{matrix} (n^{*}) = \frac{σ_{p a}}{σ_{p a} + σ_{p e}} n_{0}

J_{p} (z, r) = \frac{I_{p} (z, r)}{h ν_{p}} (σ_{p a} + σ_{p e}) τ = \frac{I_{p} (z, r)}{I_{p, s a t}}

J_{s} (z, r) = \frac{I_{s} (z, r)}{h ν_{s}} σ_{s e} τ = \frac{I_{s} (z, r)}{I_{s, s a t}}

n^{*} (z) = n_{0} \frac{σ_{p a}}{(σ_{p a} + σ_{p e})} \frac{J_{p} (z)}{J_{p} (z) + J_{s} (z) + 1}

\frac{d J_{p} (z)}{d z} = J_{p} (z) [- σ_{p a} n_{0} + (σ_{p a} + σ_{p e}) n^{*} (z)]

\frac{d J_{s} (z)}{d z} = J_{s} (z) σ_{s e} n^{*} (z)

I (r, δ, N) = \exp (- \frac{2 r^{2 N}}{δ^{2 N}})

Abstract

References

2009 (1)

2007 (1)

2006 (1)

2005 (1)

2004 (1)

2003 (1)

2002 (1)

1999 (1)

1997 (2)

1996 (1)

1977 (1)

1972 (1)

Badikov, V.

Berry, P. A.

Burger, A.

Catella, G. C.

Chen, K. T.

Chen, R. J.

Davis, V. R.

DeLoach, L. D.

Demirbas, U.

Dienes, A.

Fedorov, V.

Fedorov, V. V.

Grasza, K.

Harris, R. J.

Hömmerich, U.

Ippen, E.

Johnston, G. T.

Kepple, G. A.

Kogelnik, H.

Krok, P. C.

Krupke, W. F.

Kurt, A.

Kutcher, S.

Lee, H.

McKay, J.

McKay, J. B.

Mirov, S.

Mirov, S. B.

Moskalev, I. S.

Mukai, H.

Page, R. H.

Panyutin, V.

Patel, F. D.

Payne, S. A.

Peterson, R. D.

Schaffers, K. I.

Schepler, K. L.

Schwettman, H. A.

Sennaroglu, A.

Shank, C.

Simanovskii, D. M.

Somer, M.

Sorokin, E.

Sorokina, I. T.

Tassano, J. B.

Trivedi, S. B.

Welch, A. J.

Wilke, G. D.

Wu, X.

Appl. Opt. (1)

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (3)

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Opt. Mater. (2)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

Other (5)

Supplementary Material (1)

Cited By

Figures (7)

Equations (11)

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