Wide color gamut LCD with a quantum dot backlight

Zhenyue Luo; Yuan Chen; Shin-Tson Wu

doi:10.1364/OE.21.026269

Wide color gamut LCD with a quantum dot backlight

Zhenyue Luo, Yuan Chen, and Shin-Tson Wu

Optics Express
Vol. 21,
Issue 22,
pp. 26269-26284
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.026269

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Zhenyue Luo, Yuan Chen, and Shin-Tson Wu, "Wide color gamut LCD with a quantum dot backlight," Opt. Express 21, 26269-26284 (2013)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Optical Devices
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Fluorescent and luminescent materials (160.2540)
- Liquid-crystal devices (230.3720)
- Photoluminescence (250.5230)
- Quantum-well, -wire and -dot devices (250.5590)
- Color, rendering and metamerism (330.1715)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 12, 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: October 10, 2013

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

We analyze the color performance and system efficiency of three commonly employed liquid crystal display modes with a blue LED-pumped red and green quantum dots (QDs) backlight. Based on the measured QD emission spectra, we can achieve 115% color gamut in CIE 1931 and 140% in CIE 1976 color space, while keeping the same energy efficiency as conventional backlights. Next, we apply multi-objective optimization method to refine the QD emission spectra and find a fundamental tradeoff between display system efficiency and color gamut. This systematic photometric analysis also provides useful guidelines for further optimizing QD backlight design and display system efficiency.

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References

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Year
|
Author
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Publication

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[Crossref]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]
Y. Chen, J. Yan, J. Sun, S. T. Wu, X. Liang, S. H. Liu, P. J. Hsieh, K. L. Cheng, and J. W. Shiu, “A microsecond-response polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(20), 201105 (2011).
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G. Harbers, S. J. Bierhuizen, and M. R. Krames, “Performance of high power light emitting diodes in display illumination applications,” J. Display Technol. 3(2), 98–109 (2007).
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R. Lu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “LED-lit LCD TVs,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 488(1), 246–259 (2008).
[Crossref]
R. Lu, Q. Hong, S. T. Wu, K. H. Peng, and H. S. Hsieh, “Quantitative comparison of color performances between IPS and MVA LCDs,” J. Display Technol. 2(4), 319–326 (2006).
[Crossref]
R. J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, and T. Takeda, “Wide color gamut backlight for liquid crystal displays using three-band phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 022401 (2009).
[Crossref]
B. S. Mashford, M. Stevenson, Z. Popovic, C. Hamilton, Z. Q. Zhou, C. Breen, J. Steckel, V. Bulovic, M. Bawendi, S. Coe-Sullivan, and P. T. Kazlas, “High-efficiency quantum-dot light-emitting devices with enhanced charge injection,” Nat. Photonics 7(5), 407–412 (2013).
[Crossref]
S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]
S. Kim, S. H. Im, and S. W. Kim, “Performance of light-emitting-diode based on quantum dots,” Nanoscale 5(12), 5205–5214 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]
Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]
T. Erdem, S. Nizamoglu, X. W. Sun, and H. V. Demir, “A photometric investigation of ultra-efficient LEDs with high color rendering index and high luminous efficacy employing nanocrystal quantum dot luminophores,” Opt. Express 18(1), 340–347 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Zhong, G. X. He, and M. H. Zhang, “Optimal spectra of white light-emitting diodes using quantum dot nanophosphors,” Opt. Express 20(8), 9122–9134 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. S. Steckel, R. Colby, W. Liu, K. Hutchinson, C. Breen, J. Ritter, and S. Coe-Sullivan, “Quantum dot manufacturing requirements for the high volume LCD market,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 943–945 (2013).
[Crossref]
J. Chen, V. Hardev, J. Hartlove, J. Hofler, and E. Lee, “A high-efficiency wide-color-gamut solid-state backlight system for LCDs using quantum dot enhancement film,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 43, 895–896 (2012).
[Crossref]
I. H. Campbell and B. K. Crone, “Efficient, visible organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a single polymer layer doped with quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043303 (2008).
[Crossref]
S. Coe-Sullivan, “Quantum dot developments,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 315–316 (2009).
[Crossref]
E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]
H. Hong, H. Shin, and I. Chung, “In-plane switching technology for liquid crystal display television,” J. Display Technol. 3(4), 361–370 (2007).
[Crossref]
A. Takeda, S. Kataoka, T. Sasaki, H. Chida, H. Tsuda, K. Ohmuro, T. Sasabayashi, Y. Koike, and K. Okamoto, “A super-high image quality multi-domain vertical alignment LCD by new rubbing-less technology,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 29, 1077–1080 (1998).
[Crossref]
C. A. C. Coello and G. B. Lamont, Applications of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (World Scientificc, 2004).
J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks IV. pp. 1942–1948 (1995).
[Crossref]
M. Reyes-Sierra and C. A. C. Coello, “Multi-Objective particle swarm optimizers: a survey of the state-of-the-art,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 2, 287–308 (2006).

2013 (4)

B. S. Mashford, M. Stevenson, Z. Popovic, C. Hamilton, Z. Q. Zhou, C. Breen, J. Steckel, V. Bulovic, M. Bawendi, S. Coe-Sullivan, and P. T. Kazlas, “High-efficiency quantum-dot light-emitting devices with enhanced charge injection,” Nat. Photonics 7(5), 407–412 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Kim, S. H. Im, and S. W. Kim, “Performance of light-emitting-diode based on quantum dots,” Nanoscale 5(12), 5205–5214 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (2)

P. Zhong, G. X. He, and M. H. Zhang, “Optimal spectra of white light-emitting diodes using quantum dot nanophosphors,” Opt. Express 20(8), 9122–9134 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Lim, W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, S. Lee, C. Lee, and K. Char, “Perspective on synthesis, device structures, and printing processes for quantum dot displays,” Opt. Mater. Express 2(5), 594–628 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (1)

Y. Chen, J. Yan, J. Sun, S. T. Wu, X. Liang, S. H. Liu, P. J. Hsieh, K. L. Cheng, and J. W. Shiu, “A microsecond-response polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(20), 201105 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (3)

K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. Erdem, S. Nizamoglu, X. W. Sun, and H. V. Demir, “A photometric investigation of ultra-efficient LEDs with high color rendering index and high luminous efficacy employing nanocrystal quantum dot luminophores,” Opt. Express 18(1), 340–347 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim, “White-light-emitting diodes with quantum dot color converters for display backlights,” Adv. Mater. 22(28), 3076–3080 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (3)

S. Coe-Sullivan, “Quantum dot developments,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 315–316 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, and T. Takeda, “Wide color gamut backlight for liquid crystal displays using three-band phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Express 2, 022401 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Schadt, “Milestone in the history of field-effect liquid crystal displays and materials,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48(3), 03B001 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (3)

M. Anandan, “Progress of LED backlights for LCDs,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(2), 287–310 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Lu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “LED-lit LCD TVs,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 488(1), 246–259 (2008).
[Crossref]

I. H. Campbell and B. K. Crone, “Efficient, visible organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a single polymer layer doped with quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043303 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

G. Harbers, S. J. Bierhuizen, and M. R. Krames, “Performance of high power light emitting diodes in display illumination applications,” J. Display Technol. 3(2), 98–109 (2007).
[Crossref]

H. Hong, H. Shin, and I. Chung, “In-plane switching technology for liquid crystal display television,” J. Display Technol. 3(4), 361–370 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

M. Reyes-Sierra and C. A. C. Coello, “Multi-Objective particle swarm optimizers: a survey of the state-of-the-art,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 2, 287–308 (2006).

R. Lu, Q. Hong, S. T. Wu, K. H. Peng, and H. S. Hsieh, “Quantitative comparison of color performances between IPS and MVA LCDs,” J. Display Technol. 2(4), 319–326 (2006).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

H. Kikuchi, M. Yokota, Y. Hisakado, H. Yang, and T. Kajiyama, “Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 64–68 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1971 (1)

M. Schadt and W. Helfrich, “Voltage-depenent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 18(4), 127–128 (1971).
[Crossref]

Allen, P.

S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]

Anandan, M.

M. Anandan, “Progress of LED backlights for LCDs,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(2), 287–310 (2008).
[Crossref]

Bae, W. K.

Barnes, D.

D. Barnes, “LCD or OLED, who wins?” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 26–27 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bawendi, M.

Bawendi, M. G.

Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bierhuizen, S. J.

G. Harbers, S. J. Bierhuizen, and M. R. Krames, “Performance of high power light emitting diodes in display illumination applications,” J. Display Technol. 3(2), 98–109 (2007).
[Crossref]

Breen, C.

J. S. Steckel, R. Colby, W. Liu, K. Hutchinson, C. Breen, J. Ritter, and S. Coe-Sullivan, “Quantum dot manufacturing requirements for the high volume LCD market,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 943–945 (2013).
[Crossref]

Bulovic, V.

Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]

Campbell, I. H.

I. H. Campbell and B. K. Crone, “Efficient, visible organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a single polymer layer doped with quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043303 (2008).
[Crossref]

Char, K.

Chen, J.

J. Chen, V. Hardev, J. Hartlove, J. Hofler, and E. Lee, “A high-efficiency wide-color-gamut solid-state backlight system for LCDs using quantum dot enhancement film,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 43, 895–896 (2012).
[Crossref]

Chen, K. M.

K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chen, Y.

Cheng, K. L.

Chida, H.

A. Takeda, S. Kataoka, T. Sasaki, H. Chida, H. Tsuda, K. Ohmuro, T. Sasabayashi, Y. Koike, and K. Okamoto, “A super-high image quality multi-domain vertical alignment LCD by new rubbing-less technology,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 29, 1077–1080 (1998).
[Crossref]

Choi, H. C.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, “AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 32–33 (2013).
[Crossref]

Chung, I.

H. Hong, H. Shin, and I. Chung, “In-plane switching technology for liquid crystal display television,” J. Display Technol. 3(4), 361–370 (2007).
[Crossref]

Coello, C. A. C.

M. Reyes-Sierra and C. A. C. Coello, “Multi-Objective particle swarm optimizers: a survey of the state-of-the-art,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 2, 287–308 (2006).

Coe-Sullivan, S.

S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]

S. Coe-Sullivan, “Quantum dot developments,” Nat. Photonics 3(6), 315–316 (2009).
[Crossref]

Colby, R.

Crone, B. K.

I. H. Campbell and B. K. Crone, “Efficient, visible organic light-emitting diodes utilizing a single polymer layer doped with quantum dots,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(4), 043303 (2008).
[Crossref]

Demir, H. V.

Eberhart, R.

J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks IV. pp. 1942–1948 (1995).
[Crossref]

Erdem, T.

Gauza, S.

K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. Lu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “LED-lit LCD TVs,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 488(1), 246–259 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hamilton, C.

Harbers, G.

G. Harbers, S. J. Bierhuizen, and M. R. Krames, “Performance of high power light emitting diodes in display illumination applications,” J. Display Technol. 3(2), 98–109 (2007).
[Crossref]

Hardev, V.

Hartlove, J.

He, G. X.

P. Zhong, G. X. He, and M. H. Zhang, “Optimal spectra of white light-emitting diodes using quantum dot nanophosphors,” Opt. Express 20(8), 9122–9134 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Helfrich, W.

M. Schadt and W. Helfrich, “Voltage-depenent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 18(4), 127–128 (1971).
[Crossref]

Hirosaki, N.

Hisakado, Y.

H. Kikuchi, M. Yokota, Y. Hisakado, H. Yang, and T. Kajiyama, “Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 64–68 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hofler, J.

Hsieh, P. J.

Hutchinson, K.

Im, S. H.

S. Kim, S. H. Im, and S. W. Kim, “Performance of light-emitting-diode based on quantum dots,” Nanoscale 5(12), 5205–5214 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jang, E.

Jang, H.

Jun, S.

Kajiyama, T.

H. Kikuchi, M. Yokota, Y. Hisakado, H. Yang, and T. Kajiyama, “Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 64–68 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kataoka, S.

Kazlas, P. T.

Kennedy, J.

J. Kennedy and R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks IV. pp. 1942–1948 (1995).
[Crossref]

Kikuchi, H.

H. Kikuchi, M. Yokota, Y. Hisakado, H. Yang, and T. Kajiyama, “Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases,” Nat. Mater. 1(1), 64–68 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, B.

Kim, B. K.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, “AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 32–33 (2013).
[Crossref]

Kim, S.

S. Kim, S. H. Im, and S. W. Kim, “Performance of light-emitting-diode based on quantum dots,” Nanoscale 5(12), 5205–5214 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S. H.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, “AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 32–33 (2013).
[Crossref]

Kim, S. W.

S. Kim, S. H. Im, and S. W. Kim, “Performance of light-emitting-diode based on quantum dots,” Nanoscale 5(12), 5205–5214 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, Y.

Koike, Y.

Krames, M. R.

G. Harbers, S. J. Bierhuizen, and M. R. Krames, “Performance of high power light emitting diodes in display illumination applications,” J. Display Technol. 3(2), 98–109 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kwak, J.

Lee, C.

Lee, E.

Lee, J. H.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, “AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 32–33 (2013).
[Crossref]

Lee, S.

Liang, X.

Lim, J.

Liu, S. H.

Liu, W.

S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]

Lu, R.

R. Lu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “LED-lit LCD TVs,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 488(1), 246–259 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Lu, Q. Hong, S. T. Wu, K. H. Peng, and H. S. Hsieh, “Quantitative comparison of color performances between IPS and MVA LCDs,” J. Display Technol. 2(4), 319–326 (2006).
[Crossref]

Mashford, B. S.

Nizamoglu, S.

Ohmuro, K.

Okamoto, K.

Park, K. H.

J. H. Lee, K. H. Park, S. H. Kim, H. C. Choi, B. K. Kim, and Y. S. Yin, “AH-IPS, superb display for mobile device,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 32–33 (2013).
[Crossref]

Peng, K. H.

R. Lu, Q. Hong, S. T. Wu, K. H. Peng, and H. S. Hsieh, “Quantitative comparison of color performances between IPS and MVA LCDs,” J. Display Technol. 2(4), 319–326 (2006).
[Crossref]

Popovic, Z.

Reyes-Sierra, M.

M. Reyes-Sierra and C. A. C. Coello, “Multi-Objective particle swarm optimizers: a survey of the state-of-the-art,” Int. J. Comput. Intell. Res. 2, 287–308 (2006).

Ritter, J.

Sasabayashi, T.

Sasaki, T.

Schadt, M.

M. Schadt, “Milestone in the history of field-effect liquid crystal displays and materials,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48(3), 03B001 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Schadt and W. Helfrich, “Voltage-depenent optical activity of a twisted nematic liquid crystal,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 18(4), 127–128 (1971).
[Crossref]

Shin, H.

H. Hong, H. Shin, and I. Chung, “In-plane switching technology for liquid crystal display television,” J. Display Technol. 3(4), 361–370 (2007).
[Crossref]

Shirasaki, Y.

Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]

Shiu, J. W.

Steckel, J.

Steckel, J. S.

S. Coe-Sullivan, W. Liu, P. Allen, and J. S. Steckel, “Quantum dots for LED downconversion in display applications,” ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 2(2), R3026–R3030 (2013).
[Crossref]

Stevenson, M.

Sun, J.

Sun, X. W.

Supran, G. J.

Y. Shirasaki, G. J. Supran, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, “Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies,” Nat. Photonics 7(1), 13–23 (2013).
[Crossref]

Takeda, A.

Takeda, T.

Tsuda, H.

Ukai, Y.

Y. Ukai, “TFT-LCDs as the future leading role in FPD,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 44, 28–31 (2013).
[Crossref]

Wu, S. T.

K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. Lu, S. Gauza, and S. T. Wu, “LED-lit LCD TVs,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 488(1), 246–259 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. Lu, Q. Hong, S. T. Wu, K. H. Peng, and H. S. Hsieh, “Quantitative comparison of color performances between IPS and MVA LCDs,” J. Display Technol. 2(4), 319–326 (2006).
[Crossref]

Xianyu, H.

K. M. Chen, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, and S. T. Wu, “Submillisecond graylevel response time of a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal,” J. Display Technol. 6(2), 49–51 (2010).
[Crossref]

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Fig. 1 Light flow chart in a typical LCD system.

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Fig. 2 Normalized emission spectra of four light sources (black curves) and color filters (RGB curves).

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Fig. 3 Transmission spectrum of two open polarizers.

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Fig. 4 Simulated VT curves of (a).TN, (b). multi-domain IPS, and (c) MVA cells at R = 650 nm, G = 550 nm and B = 450 nm, and (d). simulated transmission spectra of these three LC modes at the specified voltages.

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Fig. 5 RGB primaries of different light sources and the NTSC standard primaries in (a) CIE 1931 and (b) CIE 1976. LC mode: TN.

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Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of a LCD system with QDEF backlight. The wide-view compensation films are not shown.

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Fig. 7 (a) Measured absorption spectrum of the green and red QDs, and (b) Normalized emission spectrum of green and red QDs when pumped by a blue InGaN LED whose emission peak wavelength is λ = 459 nm.

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Fig. 8 Relationship between TER and color gamut defined in (a) CIE 1931, and (b) CIE 1976 color space. LC cell: TN mode.

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Fig. 9 (a) Transmission spectra of color filters and emission spectra of QD1 and QD5; (b) Simulated color gamut of QD 1 and QD 5 in CIE 1931.

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Fig. 10 (a) Transmission spectra of color filters and emission spectrum of QD6, (b) Color primaries of QD6 as well as NTSC standard in CIE 1931 color space, and (c) Color primaries of QD 6 and NTSC standard in CIE 1976 color space

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Fig. 11 Relationship between of TER and color gamut for (a) IPS and (b) MVA LCDs.

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Fig. 12 Simulated Pareto front of QD backlight for a TN LCD when the FWHM of green and red emission peak has lower limit of 30 nm, 40 nm and 50 nm.

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Tables (2)

Table 1 Performance of a TN LCD with different light sources.

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Table 2 Optimal QD spectrum solutions and their spectral parameters and performance.

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Equations (11)

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\begin{array}{l} P_{o u t} (λ) = P_{o u t, R} (λ) + P_{o u t, G} (λ) + P_{o u t, B} (λ) \\ = P_{i n} (λ) P (λ) R (λ) L C (V_{1}, λ) A_{R} + P_{i n} (λ) P (λ) G (λ) L C (V_{1}, λ) A_{G} + P_{i n} (λ) P (λ) B (λ) L C (V_{1}, λ) A_{B}, \end{array}

L E R = \frac{683 \frac{l m}{W_{o p t}} \int P_{o u t} (λ) V (λ) d λ}{\int P_{o u t} (λ) d λ} .

T E = \frac{\int P_{o u t} (λ) d λ}{\int P_{i n} (λ) d λ} .

T L E = \frac{683 \frac{l m}{W_{o p t}} \int P_{o u t} (λ) V (λ) d λ}{\int P_{i n} (λ) d λ} = L E R * T E .

X = k \int S (λ) \bar{x} (λ) d λ, \begin{matrix}  \end{matrix} Y = k \int S (λ) \bar{y} (λ) d λ, \begin{matrix}  \end{matrix} Z = k \int S (λ) \bar{z} (λ) d λ,

x = \frac{X}{X + Y + Z}, \begin{matrix}  \end{matrix} y = \frac{Y}{X + Y + Z}, \begin{matrix} z = \frac{Z}{X + Y + Z} \end{matrix},

u' = \frac{4 X}{X + 15 Y + 3 Z}, \begin{matrix}  \end{matrix} v' = \frac{9 Y}{X + 15 Y + 3 Z} .

\begin{array}{l} (\begin{array}{l} x_{w} \\ y_{w} \\ z_{w} \end{array}) = F_{r} (\begin{array}{l} x_{r} \\ y_{r} \\ z_{r} \end{array}) + F_{g} (\begin{array}{l} x_{g} \\ y_{g} \\ z_{g} \end{array}) + F_{b} (\begin{array}{l} x_{b} \\ y_{b} \\ z_{b} \end{array}) \\ {\begin{array}{l} z_{i} = 1 - x_{i} - y_{i} \\ f_{i} = \frac{F_{i}}{F_{r} + F_{g} + F_{b}} \end{array}}}_{i = r, g, b} . \end{array}

f (λ) = A \cdot \exp [{(λ - λ_{c})}^{2} / 8 ℓ n (2) {(Δ λ)}^{2}],

P_{i n} (λ) = f_{b} S (λ, λ_{b}, Δ λ_{b}) + f_{g} S (λ, λ_{g}, Δ λ_{g}) + f_{r} S (λ, λ_{r}, Δ λ_{r}) .

\begin{array}{l} C o l o r \begin{matrix} g a m u t = & F_{1} (λ_{b}, Δ λ_{b}, λ_{g}, Δ λ_{g}, λ_{r}, Δ λ_{r}), \end{matrix} \\ T E R = F_{2} (λ_{b}, Δ λ_{b}, λ_{g}, Δ λ_{g}, λ_{r}, Δ λ_{r}) . \end{array}

	LER	TE_max (%)	TER_max (lm/W)	Color Gamut in CIE1931	Color Gamut in CIE1976
CCFL	301.9	8.7	26.3	77%	98%
1p-LED	319.4	8.7	27.9	75%	97%
2p-LED	254.1	9.4	23.9	89%	115%
RGB-LED	294.7	9.2	27.2	95%	118%

QD spectral solution	QD1	QD2	QD3	QD4	QD5	QD6
λ_b (nm)	454.1	452.0	450.1	449.7	447.6	443.2
λ_r (nm)	548.0	542.7	535.6	529.8	523.5	547.1
λ_g (nm)	606.5	611.3	615.0	621.8	634.8	635.7
Δλ_b (nm)	20.1	20.6	20.1	20.9	20.0	20.0
Δλ_r (nm)	30.1	30.8	30.4	30.4	30.0	30.0
Δλ_g (nm)	30.5	30.3	30.3	30.6	30.0	30.0
f_b (%)	48.2	47.1	46.1	42.8	37.3	44.8
f_r (%)	30.8	29.8	28.8	29.3	27.8	30.2
f_g (%)	20.9	23.1	25.1	27.9	34.9	24.9
LER (lm/w)	362.6	348.4	329.7	302.8	249.6	301.3
TE (%)	8.9	9.2	9.4	9.7	10.1	9.2
TER (lm/w)	32.2	31.9	31.1	29.5	25.3	27.8
Color gamut-1931	0.80	0.90	1.00	1.10	1.20	1.01
Color gamut-1976	1.00	1.09	1.16	1.23	1.31	1.40

	LER	TE_max (%)	TER_max (lm/W)	Color Gamut in CIE1931	Color Gamut in CIE1976
CCFL	301.9	8.7	26.3	77%	98%
1p-LED	319.4	8.7	27.9	75%	97%
2p-LED	254.1	9.4	23.9	89%	115%
RGB-LED	294.7	9.2	27.2	95%	118%

QD spectral solution	QD1	QD2	QD3	QD4	QD5	QD6
λ_b (nm)	454.1	452.0	450.1	449.7	447.6	443.2
λ_r (nm)	548.0	542.7	535.6	529.8	523.5	547.1
λ_g (nm)	606.5	611.3	615.0	621.8	634.8	635.7
Δλ_b (nm)	20.1	20.6	20.1	20.9	20.0	20.0
Δλ_r (nm)	30.1	30.8	30.4	30.4	30.0	30.0
Δλ_g (nm)	30.5	30.3	30.3	30.6	30.0	30.0
f_b (%)	48.2	47.1	46.1	42.8	37.3	44.8
f_r (%)	30.8	29.8	28.8	29.3	27.8	30.2
f_g (%)	20.9	23.1	25.1	27.9	34.9	24.9
LER (lm/w)	362.6	348.4	329.7	302.8	249.6	301.3
TE (%)	8.9	9.2	9.4	9.7	10.1	9.2
TER (lm/w)	32.2	31.9	31.1	29.5	25.3	27.8
Color gamut-1931	0.80	0.90	1.00	1.10	1.20	1.01
Color gamut-1976	1.00	1.09	1.16	1.23	1.31	1.40

Abstract

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