Generation of cylindrical vector beams and optical vortex by two acoustically induced fiber gratings with orthogonal vibration directions

Keyan Wei; Wending Zhang; Ligang Huang; Dong Mao; Feng Gao; Ting Mei; Jianlin Zhao

doi:10.1364/OE.25.002733

Generation of cylindrical vector beams and optical vortex by two acoustically induced fiber gratings with orthogonal vibration directions

Keyan Wei, Wending Zhang, Ligang Huang, Dong Mao, Feng Gao, Ting Mei, and Jianlin Zhao

Optics Express
Vol. 25,
Issue 3,
pp. 2733-2741
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.002733

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Keyan Wei, Wending Zhang, Ligang Huang, Dong Mao, Feng Gao, Ting Mei, and Jianlin Zhao, "Generation of cylindrical vector beams and optical vortex by two acoustically induced fiber gratings with orthogonal vibration directions," Opt. Express 25, 2733-2741 (2017)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Optical vortices (050.4865)
- Fiber optics (060.2310)
- Fiber optics components (060.2340)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 6, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: January 27, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: January 28, 2017
- Published: February 1, 2017

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

Mode coupling from the fundamental vector mode ( $H E_{11}^{x}$ ) to the cylindrical vector beams (CVBs) and optical vortex beams (OVBs) of a few-mode fiber excited by two acoustic flexural waves with orthogonal perturbations is achieved by using a composite acoustic transducer. The $H E_{11}^{x}$ mode is converted to TM₀₁ and TE₀₁ modes, which have radial and azimuthal polarizations, by using the lowest-order acoustic flexural modes of $F_{11}^{x}$ and $F_{11}^{y}$ , respectively. Furthermore, $H E_{11}^{x}$ mode can also be converted to the ± 1-order OVBs of ${HE}_{21}^{e v e n} \pm i {HE}_{21}^{o d d}$ through the combined acoustic modes of $F_{11}^{x} \pm i F_{11}^{y}$ . This technique provides a useful way of generating CVBs and OVBs in optical fiber with conveniently electrically-controlled mode conversion characteristics.

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References

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|
Author
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Publication

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[Crossref]
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M. Padgett and R. Bowman, “Tweezers with a twist,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 343–348 (2011).
[Crossref]
Q. Zhan, “Trapping metallic Rayleigh particles with radial polarization,” Opt. Express 12(15), 3377–3382 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
K. Lou, S. X. Qian, X. L. Wang, Y. Li, B. Gu, C. Tu, and H. T. Wang, “Two-dimensional microstructures induced by femtosecond vector light fields on silicon,” Opt. Express 20(1), 120–127 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
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[Crossref]
X. Cai, J. Wang, M. J. Strain, B. Johnson-Morris, J. Zhu, M. Sorel, J. L. O’Brien, M. G. Thompson, and S. Yu, “Integrated compact optical vortex beam emitters,” Science 338(6105), 363–366 (2012).
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[Crossref]
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[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Wen, and T. Wang, “Mode converter based on the long-period fiber gratings written in the two-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 24(6), 6186–6195 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Li, Q. Mo, X. Hu, C. Du, and J. Wang, “Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter,” Opt. Lett. 40(18), 4376–4379 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
H. Xu and L. Yang, “Conversion of orbital angular momentum of light in chiral fiber gratings,” Opt. Lett. 38(11), 1978–1980 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Ndagano, R. Brüning, M. McLaren, M. Duparré, and A. Forbes, “Fiber propagation of vector modes,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17330–17336 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Zhang, L. Huang, K. Wei, P. Li, B. Jiang, D. Mao, F. Gao, T. Mei, G. Zhang, and J. Zhao, “Cylindrical vector beam generation in fiber with mode selectivity and wavelength tunability over broadband by acoustic flexural wave,” Opt. Express 24(10), 10376–10384 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Zhang, K. Wei, L. Huang, D. Mao, B. Jiang, F. Gao, G. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “Optical vortex generation with wavelength tunability based on an acoustically-induced fiber grating,” Opt. Express 24(17), 19278–19285 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Zhang, L. Huang, K. Wei, P. Li, B. Jiang, D. Mao, F. Gao, T. Mei, G. Zhang, and J. Zhao, “High-order optical vortex generation in a few-mode fiber via cascaded acoustically driven vector mode conversion,” Opt. Lett. 41(21), 5082–5085 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. W. Haakestad and J. Skaar, “Slow and fast light in optical fibers using acoustooptic coupling between two co-propagating modes,” Opt. Express 17(1), 346–357 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]
T. Erdogan, “Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(8), 1760–1773 (1997).
[Crossref]
W. Zhang, W. Gao, L. Huang, D. Mao, B. Jiang, F. Gao, D. Yang, G. Zhang, J. Xu, and J. Zhao, “Optical heterodyne micro-vibration measurement based on all-fiber acousto-optic frequency shifter,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17576–17583 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. A. Birks, P. S. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single–mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]
N. Bozinovic, S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, “Control of orbital angular momentum of light with optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 37(13), 2451–2453 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Z. Dashti, F. Alhassen, and H. P. Lee, “Observation of orbital angular momentum transfer between acoustic and optical vortices in optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(4), 043604 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W. Zhang, L. Huang, F. Gao, F. Bo, L. Xuan, G. Zhang, and J. Xu, “Tunable add/drop channel coupler based on an acousto-optic tunable filter and a tapered fiber,” Opt. Lett. 37(7), 1241–1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. L. Dong and K. S. Chiang, “Temperature-insensitive mode converters with CO2-laser written long-period fiber gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(9), 1006–1009 (2015).
[Crossref]
K. S. Hong, H. C. Park, B. Y. Kim, I. K. Hwang, W. Jin, J. Ju, and D. I. Yeom, “1000 nm tunable acousto-optic filter based on photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(3), 031110 (2008).
[Crossref]

2016 (5)

D. Naidoo, F. S. Roux, A. Dudley, I. Litvin, B. Piccirillo, L. Marrucci, and A. Forbes, “Controlled generation of higher-order Poincar sphere beams from a laser,” Nat. Photonics 10(5), 327–332 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Zhang, L. Huang, K. Wei, P. Li, B. Jiang, D. Mao, F. Gao, T. Mei, G. Zhang, and J. Zhao, “Cylindrical vector beam generation in fiber with mode selectivity and wavelength tunability over broadband by acoustic flexural wave,” Opt. Express 24(10), 10376–10384 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Zhang, K. Wei, L. Huang, D. Mao, B. Jiang, F. Gao, G. Zhang, T. Mei, and J. Zhao, “Optical vortex generation with wavelength tunability based on an acoustically-induced fiber grating,” Opt. Express 24(17), 19278–19285 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Zhang, L. Huang, K. Wei, P. Li, B. Jiang, D. Mao, F. Gao, T. Mei, G. Zhang, and J. Zhao, “High-order optical vortex generation in a few-mode fiber via cascaded acoustically driven vector mode conversion,” Opt. Lett. 41(21), 5082–5085 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Wen, and T. Wang, “Mode converter based on the long-period fiber gratings written in the two-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 24(6), 6186–6195 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2015 (6)

S. Li, Q. Mo, X. Hu, C. Du, and J. Wang, “Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter,” Opt. Lett. 40(18), 4376–4379 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Ndagano, R. Brüning, M. McLaren, M. Duparré, and A. Forbes, “Fiber propagation of vector modes,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17330–17336 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Zhang, W. Gao, L. Huang, D. Mao, B. Jiang, F. Gao, D. Yang, G. Zhang, J. Xu, and J. Zhao, “Optical heterodyne micro-vibration measurement based on all-fiber acousto-optic frequency shifter,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17576–17583 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. X. Li, S. Q. Chen, H. F. Yang, J. J. Li, P. Yu, H. Cheng, C. Z. Gu, H. T. Chen, and J. G. Tian, “Simultaneous control of light polarization and phase distributions using plasmonic metasurfaces,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(5), 704–710 (2015).
[Crossref]

X. Zhang, B. Shen, Y. Shi, X. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Yi, and Z. Xu, “Generation of intense high-order vortex harmonics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(17), 173901 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. L. Dong and K. S. Chiang, “Temperature-insensitive mode converters with CO2-laser written long-period fiber gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(9), 1006–1009 (2015).
[Crossref]

2013 (6)

N. Bozinovic, Y. Yue, Y. Ren, M. Tur, P. Kristensen, H. Huang, A. E. Willner, and S. Ramachandran, “Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers,” Science 340(6140), 1545–1548 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Toyoda, F. Takahashi, S. Takizawa, Y. Tokizane, K. Miyamoto, R. Morita, and T. Omatsu, “Transfer of light helicity to nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110(14), 143603 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Min, Z. Shen, J. Shen, Y. Zhang, H. Fang, G. Yuan, L. Du, S. Zhu, T. Lei, and X. Yuan, “Focused plasmonic trapping of metallic particles,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2891 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Du, D. Y. Lei, G. Yuan, H. Fang, X. Zhang, Q. Wang, D. Tang, C. Min, S. A. Maier, and X. Yuan, “Mapping plasmonic near-field profiles and interferences by surface-enhanced Raman scattering,” Sci. Rep. 3, 3064 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ramachandran and P. Kristensen, “Optical vortices in fiber,” Nanophotonics 2(5-6), 455–474 (2013).
[Crossref]

H. Xu and L. Yang, “Conversion of orbital angular momentum of light in chiral fiber gratings,” Opt. Lett. 38(11), 1978–1980 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (7)

N. Bozinovic, S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, “Control of orbital angular momentum of light with optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 37(13), 2451–2453 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Yan, L. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, A. E. Willner, and S. J. Dolinar, “Fiber structure to convert a Gaussian beam to higher-order optical orbital angular momentum modes,” Opt. Lett. 37(16), 3294–3296 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Cai, J. Wang, M. J. Strain, B. Johnson-Morris, J. Zhu, M. Sorel, J. L. O’Brien, M. G. Thompson, and S. Yu, “Integrated compact optical vortex beam emitters,” Science 338(6105), 363–366 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Lou, S. X. Qian, X. L. Wang, Y. Li, B. Gu, C. Tu, and H. T. Wang, “Two-dimensional microstructures induced by femtosecond vector light fields on silicon,” Opt. Express 20(1), 120–127 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Fischer and M. Wegener, “Ultrafast polymerization inhibition by stimulated emission depletion for three-dimensional nanolithography,” Adv. Mater. 24(10), OP65–OP69 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Wang, J. Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, Y. Yan, H. Huang, Y. Ren, Y. Yue, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, and A. E. Willner, “Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing,” Nat. Photonics 6(7), 488–496 (2012).
[Crossref]

W. Zhang, L. Huang, F. Gao, F. Bo, L. Xuan, G. Zhang, and J. Xu, “Tunable add/drop channel coupler based on an acousto-optic tunable filter and a tapered fiber,” Opt. Lett. 37(7), 1241–1243 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

M. Padgett and R. Bowman, “Tweezers with a twist,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 343–348 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. M. Yao and M. J. Padgett, “Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 3(2), 161–204 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (1)

J. Leach, B. Jack, J. Romero, A. K. Jha, A. M. Yao, S. Franke-Arnold, D. G. Ireland, R. W. Boyd, S. M. Barnett, and M. J. Padgett, “Quantum correlations in optical angle-orbital angular momentum variables,” Science 329(5992), 662–665 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (2)

Q. W. Zhan, “Cylindrical vector beams: from mathematical concepts to applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 1(1), 1–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. W. Haakestad and J. Skaar, “Slow and fast light in optical fibers using acoustooptic coupling between two co-propagating modes,” Opt. Express 17(1), 346–357 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

B. Harke, C. K. Ullal, J. Keller, and S. W. Hell, “Three-dimensional nanoscopy of colloidal crystals,” Nano Lett. 8(5), 1309–1313 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. S. Hong, H. C. Park, B. Y. Kim, I. K. Hwang, W. Jin, J. Ju, and D. I. Yeom, “1000 nm tunable acousto-optic filter based on photonic crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92(3), 031110 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

M. R. Beversluis, L. Novotny, and S. J. Stranick, “Programmable vector point-spread function engineering,” Opt. Express 14(7), 2650–2656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Z. Dashti, F. Alhassen, and H. P. Lee, “Observation of orbital angular momentum transfer between acoustic and optical vortices in optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96(4), 043604 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

Q. Zhan, “Trapping metallic Rayleigh particles with radial polarization,” Opt. Express 12(15), 3377–3382 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

D. P. Biss and T. G. Brown, “Polarization-vortex-driven second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 28(11), 923–925 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs, and A. Zeilinger, “Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons,” Nature 412(6844), 313–316 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1997 (1)

T. Erdogan, “Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(8), 1760–1773 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (2)

T. A. Birks, P. S. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single–mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

1994 (1)

M. W. Beijersbergen, R. P. C. Coerwinkel, M. Kristensen, and J. P. Woerdman, “Helical-wavefront laser beams produced with a spiral phase plate,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 321–327 (1994).
[Crossref]

Ahmed, N.

Alhassen, F.

Barnett, S. M.

Beijersbergen, M. W.

Beversluis, M. R.

M. R. Beversluis, L. Novotny, and S. J. Stranick, “Programmable vector point-spread function engineering,” Opt. Express 14(7), 2650–2656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Birks, T. A.

T. A. Birks, P. S. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single–mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

Biss, D. P.

D. P. Biss and T. G. Brown, “Polarization-vortex-driven second-harmonic generation,” Opt. Lett. 28(11), 923–925 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bo, F.

Bowman, R.

M. Padgett and R. Bowman, “Tweezers with a twist,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 343–348 (2011).
[Crossref]

Boyd, R. W.

Cai, X.

Chen, H. T.

Chen, S. Q.

Cheng, H.

Chiang, K. S.

J. L. Dong and K. S. Chiang, “Temperature-insensitive mode converters with CO2-laser written long-period fiber gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(9), 1006–1009 (2015).
[Crossref]

Coerwinkel, R. P. C.

Culverhouse, D. O.

T. A. Birks, P. S. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single–mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. O. Culverhouse, “The acousto-optic effect in single-mode fiber tapers and couplers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 14(11), 2519–2529 (1996).
[Crossref]

Dashti, P. Z.

Dolinar, S.

Dolinar, S. J.

Dong, J. L.

J. L. Dong and K. S. Chiang, “Temperature-insensitive mode converters with CO2-laser written long-period fiber gratings,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27(9), 1006–1009 (2015).
[Crossref]

Du, C.

S. Li, Q. Mo, X. Hu, C. Du, and J. Wang, “Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter,” Opt. Lett. 40(18), 4376–4379 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Du, L.

C. Min, Z. Shen, J. Shen, Y. Zhang, H. Fang, G. Yuan, L. Du, S. Zhu, T. Lei, and X. Yuan, “Focused plasmonic trapping of metallic particles,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2891 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dudley, A.

Duparré, M.

B. Ndagano, R. Brüning, M. McLaren, M. Duparré, and A. Forbes, “Fiber propagation of vector modes,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17330–17336 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Erdogan, T.

T. Erdogan, “Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14(8), 1760–1773 (1997).
[Crossref]

Fang, H.

C. Min, Z. Shen, J. Shen, Y. Zhang, H. Fang, G. Yuan, L. Du, S. Zhu, T. Lei, and X. Yuan, “Focused plasmonic trapping of metallic particles,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2891 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fazal, I. M.

Fischer, J.

Forbes, A.

B. Ndagano, R. Brüning, M. McLaren, M. Duparré, and A. Forbes, “Fiber propagation of vector modes,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17330–17336 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Franke-Arnold, S.

Gao, F.

Gao, W.

Golowich, S.

N. Bozinovic, S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, “Control of orbital angular momentum of light with optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 37(13), 2451–2453 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gu, B.

Gu, C. Z.

Haakestad, M. W.

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Jha, A. K.

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Ju, J.

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Leach, J.

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Lei, D. Y.

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A. M. Yao and M. J. Padgett, “Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 3(2), 161–204 (2011).
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S. Li, Q. Mo, X. Hu, C. Du, and J. Wang, “Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter,” Opt. Lett. 40(18), 4376–4379 (2015).
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X. Zhang, B. Shen, Y. Shi, X. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Yi, and Z. Xu, “Generation of intense high-order vortex harmonics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(17), 173901 (2015).
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X. Zhang, B. Shen, Y. Shi, X. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Yi, and Z. Xu, “Generation of intense high-order vortex harmonics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(17), 173901 (2015).
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Yi, L.

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Adv. Funct. Mater. (1)

Adv. Mater. (1)

Adv. Opt. Photonics (2)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. (1)

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B. Harke, C. K. Ullal, J. Keller, and S. W. Hell, “Three-dimensional nanoscopy of colloidal crystals,” Nano Lett. 8(5), 1309–1313 (2008).
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Nanophotonics (1)

S. Ramachandran and P. Kristensen, “Optical vortices in fiber,” Nanophotonics 2(5-6), 455–474 (2013).
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Nat. Commun. (1)

C. Min, Z. Shen, J. Shen, Y. Zhang, H. Fang, G. Yuan, L. Du, S. Zhu, T. Lei, and X. Yuan, “Focused plasmonic trapping of metallic particles,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2891 (2013).
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M. Padgett and R. Bowman, “Tweezers with a twist,” Nat. Photonics 5(6), 343–348 (2011).
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Nature (1)

A. Mair, A. Vaziri, G. Weihs, and A. Zeilinger, “Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons,” Nature 412(6844), 313–316 (2001).
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Opt. Commun. (1)

Opt. Express (9)

Q. Zhan, “Trapping metallic Rayleigh particles with radial polarization,” Opt. Express 12(15), 3377–3382 (2004).
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M. R. Beversluis, L. Novotny, and S. J. Stranick, “Programmable vector point-spread function engineering,” Opt. Express 14(7), 2650–2656 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. W. Haakestad and J. Skaar, “Slow and fast light in optical fibers using acoustooptic coupling between two co-propagating modes,” Opt. Express 17(1), 346–357 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Ndagano, R. Brüning, M. McLaren, M. Duparré, and A. Forbes, “Fiber propagation of vector modes,” Opt. Express 23(13), 17330–17336 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (7)

S. Li, Q. Mo, X. Hu, C. Du, and J. Wang, “Controllable all-fiber orbital angular momentum mode converter,” Opt. Lett. 40(18), 4376–4379 (2015).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Bozinovic, S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, “Control of orbital angular momentum of light with optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 37(13), 2451–2453 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Phys. Rev. Lett. (3)

X. Zhang, B. Shen, Y. Shi, X. Wang, L. Zhang, W. Wang, J. Xu, L. Yi, and Z. Xu, “Generation of intense high-order vortex harmonics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114(17), 173901 (2015).
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Sci. Rep. (1)

Science (3)

Other (1)

A. W. Snyder and J. D. Love, Optical Waveguide Theory (Chapman & Hall, 1983).

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Fig. 1 (a) Sketch of the composite acoustic transducer constructed with two shear mode PZTs vibrating along the x- and y-axis, respectively; (b) Field patterns of the fundamental vector mode of HE₁₁ and the lowest-order acoustic flexural modes of F[REMOVED EQ FIELD] on the cross-section of FMF. The arrows indicate the vibration directions of the acoustic and optical modes; (c) Coupling coefficient κ_ij between the first four high-order vector modes (TE₀₁,

{HE}_{21}^{e v e n / o d d}

, TM₀₁) and the fundamental mode HE[REMOVED EQ FIELD] versus θ for F₁₁. The inset shows the mode field overlap between the linearly-polarized F₁₁ and HE₁₁ modes on the cross section of FMF, θ denotes the crossing angle between the acoustic and optical modes; (d) Acoustic wave frequency as functions of the resonance wavelength for acoustically induced fiber grating.

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Fig. 2 Experimental configuration of the CVBs and OVBs generation and examination. P: polarizer; HWP: half-wave plate; M: mirror; MO: micro-objective; FMF: Few-mode fiber; MS; Mode stripper; RF: radio frequency; NPBS: non-polarization beam splitter; CCD: charge coupled device.

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Fig. 3 (a₁) and (b₁) Images of TM₀₁ and TE₀₁ modes taken by the CCD₁ in absence of polarizer; (a₂-a₅) and (b₂-b₅) Images of TM₀₁ and TE₀₁ modes in presence of polarizer at different polarization orientations.

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Fig. 4 (a₁) and (b₁) Mode intensity distributions of the ± 1-order OVBs, respectively; (a₂-b₂) and (a₃-b₃) Images of the ± 1-order OVBs output when the off-axial and coaxial interfered with a Gaussian beam, respectively.

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Fig. 5 . Mode conversion efficiency analysis of the acoustically induced fiber grating. (a) Mode intensity patterns of the HE[REMOVED EQ FIELD] modes with the increasing of the RF driving voltage from V_pp=0 V to V_pp=8 V; (b) Horizontal intensity proﬁles of the HE[REMOVED EQ FIELD] modes through the center of mode intensity patterns in (a), respectively.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

Δ n_{x} (x, y) = N_{0} x,

Δ n_{y} (x, y) = N_{0} y,

κ_{i j} = \frac{π}{λ} \sqrt{\frac{ε_{0}}{μ_{0}}} n_{0} \int E_{i}^{*} (x, y) \cdot Δ n (x, y) E_{j} (x, y) d x d y,

L_{B} = Λ,

f = π R C_{e x t} {(Δ n_{i j} / λ)}^{2} .

Δ f = \frac{2 π R C_{e x t}}{λ^{2}} Δ n_{i j} Δ n_{j j'},

Abstract

References

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